The difference between HTML and CSS is that HTML is the delivery of the content, telling the browser what things are. CSS is a style layout with different formatting and layout options for the page, telling the browser how things are.
The use of semantic tags help accessibility in browsers and OSs, for example screen readers and other assistive tech. This is through the use of metadata. Semantics are also better for search engine optimisation. Semantic tags have meaning, giving an idication of what is contained inside. The last thing is that it makes code more readable, preventing a bunch of div tags.
This is default behaviour. Every browser contains basic default CSS, and this is what's used until overridden.
HTTP, but mostly now HTTPS ((H)yper(T)text(T)ransfer(P)rotocol over (S)SL/TLS). HTTPS is in widespread use now, which encrypts the data portion of the layer 6/7 PDU.
I can still have a great life by keeping up with my work so that I have time to head down to the boat on my training days. Training doesn't end until 31 October, then it's time to put the boat away and on to land training and trips down south for a few regattas. One sure cannot beat hanging out on the wire on those foils! I also tend to do work down at the Club, anyway. That certainly helps to keep me on track for projects.
Last year at a regatta (since you are also a sailor):